链表
链表是一种物理存储单元上非连续、非顺序的存储结构,数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表中的指针链接次序实现的。链表由一系列结点(链表中每一个元素称为结点)组成,结点可以在运行时动态生成。
形式:单链表、双链表、跳表(redis 集合数据结构就是跳表实现,时间复杂度O(log N))
跳表了解:https://lotabout.me/2018/skip-list/
php实现对链表的增删改查操作
定义节点类:
<?php
class Node
{
public $val;
public $next;
public function __construct( $val = null, $next = null )
{
$this->val = $val;
$this->next = $next;
}
}
链表类:
<?php
/**链表
* Class Linklist
* @package app\models
*/
class Linklist
{
public $head; //头节点(默认一个虚拟头节点)
public $size; //长度
public function __construct()
{
$this->head = new Node();
$this->size = 0;
}
//头插法
public function addFirst( $value ){
// $node = new Node($value);
// $node->next = $this->head;
// $this->head = $node;
//简化
// $this->head = new Node( $value, $this->head );
// $this->size++;
$this->add(0,$value);
}
/**指定索引位置插入
* @param $index
* @param $value
* @throws Exception
*/
public function add( $index, $value ){
if( $index > $this->size )
throw new Exception('超过链表范围');
// if( $index==0 ){
// $this->addFirst($value);
// }else{
$prev = $this->head;
for($i=0;$i<$index;$i++){
$prev = $prev->next;
}
// $node = new Node($value);
// $node->next = $prev->next;
// $prev->next = $node;
$prev->next = new Node($value,$prev->next);
// }
$this->size++;
}
/**尾插法
* @param $value
*/
public function addLast( $value ){
$this->add($this->size,$value);
}
/***
* 编辑
* @param $index
* @param $value
* @throws Exception
*/
public function edit( $index, $value ){
if( $index > $this->size-1 )
throw new Exception('超过链表范围');
$prev = $this->head->next;
for($i=0;$i<=$index;$i++){
if( $i==$index )
$prev->val = $value;
$prev = $prev->next;
}
}
/**
* 查询
* @param $index
* @return null
* @throws Exception
*/
public function select($index){
if( $index > $this->size-1 )
throw new Exception('超过链表范围');
$prev = $this->head->next;
for($i=0;$i<=$index;$i++){
if( $i==$index )
return $prev;
$prev = $prev->next;
}
}
/**删除
* @param $index
* @throws Exceptionr
*/
public function delete( $index ){
if( $index > $this->size-1 )
throw new Exception('超过链表范围');
$prev = $this->head;
for($i=0;$i<=$index;$i++){
if( $i==$index )
$prev->next = $prev->next->next;
$prev = $prev->next;
}
$this->size--;
}
/**检索值是否存在
* @param $value
* @return bool
*/
public function iscontain( $value ){
$prev = $this->head->next;
while( $prev ){
if( $prev->val==$value ){
return true;
}
$prev = $prev->next;
}
return false;
}
/**转换为字符串
* @return string
*/
public function tostring(){
$prev = $this->head->next;
$r = [];
while( $prev ){
$r[] = $prev->val;
$prev = $prev->next;
}
return implode('->',$r);
}
/**
* 删除指定的节点值
* @param $value
*/
public function removeFileds( $value ){
$prev = $this->head;
while( $prev->next ){
if( $prev->val == $value ){
$prev->val = $prev->next->val;
$prev->next = $prev->next->next;
}else{
$prev = $prev->next;
}
}
}
/**
* 通过递归方式删除指定的节点值
* @param $value
*/
public function removeFiledsByRecursion( $value ){
$this->head = $this->removeByRecursion( $this->head ,$value);
return $this->head;
}
public function removeByRecursion( $node , $value, $level=0 ){
if( $node->next == null ){
$this->showDeeep($level,$node->val);
return $node->val == $value ? $node->next:$node;
}
$this->showDeeep($level,$node->val);
$node->next = $this->removeByRecursion( $node->next,$value,++$level );
$this->showDeeep($level,$node->val);
return $node->val == $value ? $node->next:$node;
}
/**
* 显示深度
* 帮助理解递归执行过程,回调函数执行层序遵循系统栈
* @param int $level 深度层级
* @param $val
* @return bool
*/
public function showDeeep( $level=1,$val ){
if( $level<1 ){
return false;
}
while($level--){
echo '-';
}
echo "$val\n";
}
}
调用操作如下:
<?php
$node = new Linklist();
$node->addFirst(1);
$node->add(1,7);
$node->add(2,10);
$node->edit(1,8);
var_dump($node->select(1)) ;
$node->delete(1);
$node->addLast(99);
var_dump($node->iscontain(2));
var_export($node);
var_export($node->tostring());
分析下链表操作的时间复杂度:
增: O(n) 只对链表头操作:O(1)
删: O(n) 只对链表头操作:O(1)
改:O(n)
查:O(n) 只对链表头操作:O(1)
利用链表实现栈
<?php
/**
* 链表实现栈
* Class LinklistStack
* @package app\models
*/
class LinklistStack extends Linklist
{
/**
* @param $value
*/
public function push( $value ){
$this->addFirst($value);
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function pop(){
$r = $this->head->next->val;
$this->delete(0);
return $r;
}
}
<?php
$stack = new LinklistStack();
$stack->push(1);
$stack->push(3);
$stack->push(6);
$stack->push(9);
print_r($stack->pop());
print_r($stack->head);
链表实现队列
<?php
/**
* 链表实现队列
* Class LinkListQueue
* @package app\models
*/
class LinkListQueue extends Linklist
{
public $tail; //尾节点
/**
* push
* @param $value
*/
public function push( $value ){
if( $this->head->val==null ){
$this->tail = new Node( $value );
$this->head = $this->tail;
}else{
$this->tail->next = new Node( $value );
$this->tail = $this->tail->next;
}
$this->size++;
}
/**
* pop
* @return null
* @throws \Exception
*/
public function pop(){
if( $this->size<=0 )
throw new \Exception('超过链表范围');
$val = $this->head->val;
$this->head = $this->head->next;
$this->size--;
return $val;
}
/**
* 查看队首
*/
public function checkHead(){
return $this->head->val;
}
/**
* 查看队尾
*/
public function checkEnd(){
return $this->tail->val;
}
/**
* toString
*/
public function toString(){
$r = [];
while( $this->head ){
$r[] = $this->head->val;
$this->head = $this->head->next;
}
return implode('->',$r);
}
}
测试
<?php
$stack = new LinkListQueue();
$stack->push(1);
$stack->push(3);
$stack->push(6);
$stack->push(9);
print_r($stack->pop());
print_r($stack->head);
print_r($stack->checkHead());
print_r($stack->checkEnd());
print_r($stack->toString());
/**
1
app\models\Node Object
(
[val] => 3
[next] => app\models\Node Object
(
[val] => 6
[next] => app\models\Node Object
(
[val] => 9
[next] =>
)
)
)
3
9
3->6->9
**/